Paths to 2027 · Federal adventure

Paths to Impeachment

Choose your own adventure, but make it constitutional.

What would have to become true for impeachment and removal to become possible — and which of those conditions can voters influence before the 2026 election?

State Power is paused while this federal adventure is developed. Its research and map infrastructure are preserved.

There is more power in a congressional ballot than many voters realize. Start with what is true now. This page does not predict what Congress will do.

Where we are now

The people and institutions in the picture.

These are current institutional facts, verified separately from the durable constitutional rules below.

Current fact

President

Donald J. Trump

The President leads the executive branch. This is a current fact, not a prediction about any future path.

Current fact

Vice President

JD Vance

The Vice President is a separate constitutional office and is first in the ordinary line of succession.

  • The White House: The White House (opens in a new tab)

    The current administration identifies President Donald J. Trump and Vice President JD Vance.

  • United States Code: 3 U.S.C. § 19, Presidential Succession Act (opens in a new tab)

    The statute places the Speaker before the president pro tempore and Cabinet officers in the statutory succession order. The Speaker and president pro tempore must resign their congressional offices before acting as President. The Cabinet order runs from Secretary of State through Secretary of Homeland Security. Each officer in the statutory line must be constitutionally eligible to serve as President.

Current fact

Speaker of the House

Mike Johnson

House members choose the Speaker. The Speaker is a congressional officer, not a nationally elected executive official.

Current fact

President pro tempore of the Senate

Chuck Grassley

This Senate officer can become relevant in the statutory succession order only after earlier offices cannot act.

Current fact

House control

Republican majority

As of the October 25, 2026 inspection, the Clerk's October 1 roster and current vacancy tracker show a Republican majority, with vacancies in Florida's 20th and Texas's 23rd districts. The seat snapshot is time-bound; any impeachment vote still depends on a majority of the House voting to impeach.

Current fact

Senate composition (Oct. 20, 2026 snapshot)

100 seats filled: 53 Republicans, 45 Democrats, 2 Independents

The official Senate roster lists no vacancies. Separately supported caucus affiliations are 53 in the Republican Conference and 47 in the Democratic Conference, including Independents Angus King and Bernie Sanders. The Senate identifies Republicans as the majority party in this snapshot. Party and caucus counts do not predict individual votes or future outcomes; officeholder and control facts were separately rechecked at the October 25 publication cutoff.

  • U.S. Senate: Senators (119th Congress), current roster (opens in a new tab)

    The official current roster was inspected October 20, 2026 and lists one serving senator for each of the 100 seats: 53 Republican, 45 Democratic, and 2 Independent party labels, with no vacant seats. The linked 100-seat reconciliation records state, class, name, party, source codes, and inspection date. The roster's party label does not itself establish conference/caucus affiliation for an Independent senator.

  • U.S. Senate: Parties and Leadership (opens in a new tab)

    The Senate describes members belonging to the two major parties as organized into their respective party conferences (also called caucuses); this general description does not identify an Independent senator's conference.

  • Senate Democratic Caucus: Our Caucus (opens in a new tab)

    The current Democratic Caucus roster inspected October 20, 2026 lists Angus King and Bernie Sanders as members; their Democratic Conference affiliation is supported separately from their Independent party labels.

  • U.S. Senate Daily Press: Senate Facts — party lineup as of July 14, 2026 (opens in a new tab)

    The Senate Daily Press page dated July 14, 2026 states that Senators King and Sanders caucus with Democrats for organizational purposes. This is a dated corroborating statement, not the October 20 seat roster.

Current fact

Next regular House election

November 3, 2026

Federal law sets the regular House election date. It does not set state-specific voter-registration deadlines, early-voting periods, absentee/mail ballot rules, or ballot-return and receipt deadlines. Check your state and local election office for those rules.

Current fact

House elections

All House seats are elected every two years

Voters elect House members directly. Those members then choose the Speaker at the start of a new Congress.

The basic rulebook

One step at a time.

Established law

Voters choose House members.

Every House seat is elected every two years. At the beginning of a new Congress, those Representatives choose the Speaker.

Established law

The House can formally accuse an official.

The constitutional term for that formal accusation is impeachment. Impeachment alone does not remove anyone from office.

Established law

The Senate decides whether removal follows.

The Senate holds the trial and votes whether to convict. The constitutional rule is two-thirds of Senators present, not a permanently fixed number.

Wait, what?: Impeachment is not removal.

The House can formally accuse the President, Vice President, or another federal official. The Senate then holds a separate trial. Removal happens only after a Senate conviction or another event that creates a vacancy, such as resignation.

Why do I care?: The Speaker is tied to your House vote.

The Representatives voters elect choose the Speaker. That gives a House ballot an indirect connection to chamber leadership, committees, oversight, and what can reach a House vote.

If vacancies happen

The offices do not disappear from the story.

If the Vice President's office becomes vacant, the President may nominate a replacement. That person takes office only after approval by both the House and Senate.

If neither the President nor Vice President can discharge the powers and duties of the office, 3 U.S.C. § 19 sets a conditional statutory order of officers who may act as President. The first five positions in that order are shown below; this is not a prediction or a statement about who would act in a future event. A Speaker must resign as Speaker and Representative before acting. If there is no Speaker or the Speaker fails to qualify, the President pro tempore may act after resigning as president pro tempore and Senator. A Cabinet officer is reached only if no president pro tempore can act, and must be constitutionally eligible, appointed with Senate consent before the triggering event, and not under impeachment by the House when the powers and duties devolve.

  1. 1. Speaker of the House
  2. 2. President pro tempore
  3. 3. Secretary of State
  4. 4. Secretary of the Treasury
  5. 5. Secretary of Defense

Read the labels

Facts, rules, and possibilities are not the same thing.

Current fact A fact about who holds an office or how a chamber is currently composed.

Established law A constitutional or statutory rule with a source.

Political possibility An outcome that depends on future votes or choices, not a guarantee.

Legally untested A question with no settled answer presented here. For example, House history says a Speaker need not be a Member, but this project does not claim that a hypothetical non-member Speaker could act as President under the succession statute.

Read the full source index.

What Would It Take to Remove a President?