Paths to 2027
Source index
These are the receipts behind the legal rules and current institutional facts shown in Paths to 2027. Durable constitutional authority and time-sensitive political facts are verified separately.
Sources
Constitution
- U.S. Constitution: Article I impeachment provisions for the House (opens in a new tab)
The House has the constitutional role in impeachment. A House impeachment vote is distinct from Senate removal.
- U.S. Constitution: Article I impeachment provisions for the Senate (opens in a new tab)
The Senate tries impeachments. Conviction requires two-thirds of Senators present.
- U.S. Constitution: Article I provision for Senate officers and president pro tempore (opens in a new tab)
The Senate chooses its officers, including a president pro tempore.
- U.S. Constitution: Article I provision for the House to choose its Speaker (opens in a new tab)
The House chooses its Speaker.
- U.S. Constitution: Article II impeachment and removal provision (opens in a new tab)
The President and Vice President are separately subject to impeachment and removal.
- U.S. Constitution: Article II presidential eligibility requirements (opens in a new tab)
Each person in the statutory line must be constitutionally eligible to serve as President.
- U.S. Constitution: Twenty-Fifth Amendment, Section 2 (opens in a new tab)
The President may nominate a replacement after a vice-presidential vacancy. A replacement Vice President requires approval by both houses of Congress.
Sources
Federal statute
- United States Code: 3 U.S.C. § 19, Presidential Succession Act (opens in a new tab)
The statute places the Speaker before the president pro tempore and Cabinet officers in the statutory succession order. The Speaker and president pro tempore must resign their congressional offices before acting as President. The Cabinet order runs from Secretary of State through Secretary of Homeland Security. Each officer in the statutory line must be constitutionally eligible to serve as President.
- United States Code: 2 U.S.C. § 7, Time of election (opens in a new tab)
Federal general elections are held on the Tuesday next after the first Monday in November.
Sources
House
- U.S. House History, Art & Archives: Impeachment (opens in a new tab)
The House may adopt articles of impeachment by a simple majority before a Senate trial.
- U.S. House History, Art & Archives: Speaker of the House (opens in a new tab)
House historical material states that every Speaker has been, but is not required to be, a House Member.
- U.S. House History, Art & Archives: Biennial Elections (opens in a new tab)
House members are chosen every second year.
- Office of Speaker Mike Johnson, U.S. House of Representatives: Speaker Johnson Reelected to Serve as 56th Speaker of the House (opens in a new tab)
The House elected Mike Johnson Speaker for the 119th Congress.
- Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives: Official List of Members of the U.S. House of Representatives — October 1, 2026 (opens in a new tab)
The Clerk's October 1, 2026 Official List of Members reports 218 Republicans, 214 Democrats, one Independent, and two vacancies (Florida 20 and Texas 23), establishing Republican House control. The Clerk's current vacancy tracker was rechecked October 25 and still identifies Florida 20 and Texas 23 as vacant; its entries show the filled Georgia 13th as succeeded August 25 and sworn September 1.
- Office of Leader Hakeem Jeffries, U.S. House of Representatives: About Leader Jeffries (opens in a new tab)
Hakeem Jeffries is the current U.S. Representative for New York's 8th District and the House Democratic Leader.
- Office of Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, U.S. House of Representatives: About Rep. Ocasio-Cortez (opens in a new tab)
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez is the current U.S. Representative for New York's 14th District.
- House Democrats: Who We Are (opens in a new tab)
Katherine Clark is the current House Democratic Whip.
- House Democrats: Who We Are (opens in a new tab)
Pete Aguilar is the current Democratic Caucus Chair.
Sources
Senate
- U.S. Senate: About Impeachment (opens in a new tab)
The Senate considers evidence and votes to acquit or convict after receiving articles of impeachment.
- Office of Senator Chuck Grassley, U.S. Senate: Grassley Sworn In as Senate President Pro Tempore for the 119th Congress (opens in a new tab)
Chuck Grassley was sworn in as President pro tempore for the 119th Congress.
- U.S. Senate: Party Division (opens in a new tab)
The Senate Historical Office's 119th Congress party-division record reports 53 Republicans, 45 Democrats, and 2 Independents as its post-election division; the underlying record supports only this historical scope and is not a dated 2026 current-membership snapshot. Evidence was corroborated through July 14, 2026; source metadata inspected October 16, 2026.
- U.S. Senate: Senators (119th Congress), current roster (opens in a new tab)
The official current roster was inspected October 20, 2026 and lists one serving senator for each of the 100 seats: 53 Republican, 45 Democratic, and 2 Independent party labels, with no vacant seats. The linked 100-seat reconciliation records state, class, name, party, source codes, and inspection date. The roster's party label does not itself establish conference/caucus affiliation for an Independent senator.
- U.S. Senate: Parties and Leadership (opens in a new tab)
The Senate describes members belonging to the two major parties as organized into their respective party conferences (also called caucuses); this general description does not identify an Independent senator's conference.
- Senate Democratic Caucus: Our Caucus (opens in a new tab)
The current Democratic Caucus roster inspected October 20, 2026 lists Angus King and Bernie Sanders as members; their Democratic Conference affiliation is supported separately from their Independent party labels.
- U.S. Senate Daily Press: Senate Facts — party lineup as of July 14, 2026 (opens in a new tab)
The Senate Daily Press page dated July 14, 2026 states that Senators King and Sanders caucus with Democrats for organizational purposes. This is a dated corroborating statement, not the October 20 seat roster.
Sources
Institutional legal analysis
- Constitution Annotated / Congress.gov: Constitution Annotated (opens in a new tab)
Congress's Constitution Annotated provides official interpretive context for constitutional provisions.
Sources
Election administration
- U.S. Election Assistance Commission: Register and Vote in Your State (opens in a new tab)
States and territories administer elections differently; voters should check state and local election offices for current registration information, voting options, and timelines.
Sources
Current institutional facts
- The White House: The White House (opens in a new tab)
The current administration identifies President Donald J. Trump and Vice President JD Vance.
Sources
State Power
Legal authority sources and current political fact sources are labeled separately in each State Power citation.
Current political fact source
Arizona Secretary of State: 2026 Election Info — Arizona Primary Election Calendar (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Arizona Secretary of State: Official Statewide Canvass — July 21, 2026 Primary Election (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Arizona Secretary of State: 2026 General Election Candidate Listing (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Arizona Secretary of State: 2026 General Election Lieutenant Governor Candidate Records (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Arizona Secretary of State: 2026 General Write-In and Withdrawn Candidate List (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: 2026-09-09.
Current political fact source
Arizona Secretary of State: Running for Public Office — A Candidate Guide (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: 2026-02-10.
Current political fact source
Arizona Secretary of State: Candidate Filing — Official Write-In Filing Rules (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Arizona Legislature: Arizona Revised Statutes § 16-301(B) — Governor/Lieutenant Governor Joint Nomination (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Arizona Legislature: Arizona Revised Statutes § 16-312 — Write-In Candidate Filing (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Arizona Legislature: Arizona Revised Statutes § 16-343 — Candidate Vacancy by Withdrawal/Death/Incapacity (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Arizona Legislature: Arizona Revised Statutes § 16-351 — Nomination Petition Challenges (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Arizona Secretary of State: Candidate Legal Challenges — 2026 Challenges and Withdrawals (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
California State Senate: Senators — Current Membership and District Listing (opens in a new tab)On October 19, 2026, individual district listings show 29 serving Democratic Senators, 10 serving Republican Senators, no other party affiliation, and Senate District 10 vacant. The same page header says 30 Democrats and 10 Republicans but does not explain its denominator or reconcile it to the vacant District 10 listing.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
California Secretary of State: June 7, 2022 Primary Election — Statement of Vote Summary (opens in a new tab)The official 2022 primary Statement of Vote lists Gavin Newsom and Shirley N. Weber as Democratic candidates in their respective races.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
California Secretary of State: November 3, 2026 General Election — Candidate Party Preference History for the Last 10 Years (opens in a new tab)The official 2026 general-election party-preference history lists Shirley N. Weber as Democratic for 2016–2026.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of California: Ware v. Weber — Order Denying Request to Add Candidate to June 2 Primary Ballot (opens in a new tab)On May 11, 2026, the court denied a request to add Rudolph 'Butch' Ware to the June 2, 2026 California gubernatorial primary ballot after finding the election was already underway.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
California Secretary of State: Final Official Election Results — Congressional District 14 Special Election (opens in a new tab)Aisha Wahab won the August 18, 2026 special general election for U.S. House Congressional District 14 with 53.1% of votes counted in the official results.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
California State Senate, District 10: District 10 Taskforce — September 11, 2026 Meeting Cancellation (opens in a new tab)The official SD10 page states that its September 11, 2026 task-force meeting was canceled due to Congresswoman Wahab's election to Congress.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives: Member Profile — Aisha Wahab (opens in a new tab)The House Clerk lists September 2, 2026 as Aisha Wahab's oath of office date in the U.S. House.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Arizona State Legislature: Member Roster (opens in a new tab)The live roster lists current Arizona House and Senate members by name, district, and party, including 60 House members and 30 Senators on October 18, 2026. As listed on October 18, 2026, the roster supports a derived 33 Republican / 27 Democratic House division and 17 Republican / 13 Democratic Senate division, with no unfilled district seat shown.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Maricopa County Board of Supervisors: Board Appoints New District 3 Legislator (opens in a new tab)The Maricopa County Board of Supervisors appointed Republican Cody Reim to the Arizona House District 3 vacancy on March 17, 2026.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Maricopa County Board of Supervisors: Board Appoints New District 9 Legislator (opens in a new tab)The Maricopa County Board of Supervisors appointed Democrat Kiana Sears to the Arizona Senate District 9 vacancy on March 26, 2025.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Pima County Elections Department: 2026 General Election Official Candidate List (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Pima County Elections Department: 2026 General Election Official Write-In List (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Cochise County Elections: 2026 General Election Official Write-In & Withdrawn Candidates (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Santa Cruz County Elections: 2026 General Election Sample Ballots — Two County Ballot Styles (opens in a new tab)Santa Cruz County's 2026 sample ballot styles list the four governor/lieutenant-governor tickets with party labels: Hobbs/Giles (DEM/PND), Biggs/Kerr (REP/REP), Lombardo/Castillo (GRN/GRN), and Hourihan/Harrolle Mohan (NOL/PND).
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Coconino County Elections: What's on the Ballot — November 3, 2026 General Election (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Philadelphia City Commissioners: November 3, 2026 Candidates for Office — Governor and Lieutenant Governor (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania Department of State, Bureau of Elections: 2026 General Election Calendar (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania Department of State: Secretary of the Commonwealth Certifies 2026 Primary Election Results (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania Department of State, Bureau of Elections: Running for Office — 2026 Election Calendar and Information (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania Department of State, Bureau of Elections: 2026 Post-Primary Candidate Withdrawal Listing (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Commonwealth Court of Pennsylvania: In re Nomination Papers of Tony Dastra and Craig Bolton, 365 M.D. 2026 (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Unified Judicial System of Pennsylvania, Commonwealth Court: Objection Petitions, Related Court Orders and Other Filings (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania Department of State, Bureau of Elections: Objection and Mandamus Cases Filed — General Election 2026 (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania Department of State: Covering PA Elections 101 — Write-in candidacy guidance (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania Department of State: Al Schmidt Takes Office as Secretary of the Commonwealth (opens in a new tab)Governor Shapiro nominated Al Schmidt for Secretary; Schmidt took office June 29, 2023 under Pennsylvania Constitution Article IV, Section 8(b), after the Senate did not act on the nomination within 25 legislative days. Pennsylvania Department of State election guidance calls Schmidt a nonpartisan election administrator and does not state a party affiliation.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
California Secretary of State: Certified Candidates — November 3, 2026 General Election (opens in a new tab)California's November 3 general election official statewide candidate information lists Xavier Becerra (Democratic) and Steve Hilton (Republican) for Governor. California's August 27 Secretary of State certification confirms publication of the final November 3 candidate list.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
New York State Board of Elections: Amended Certification for the November 3, 2026 General Election (October 7, 2026) (opens in a new tab)The certified statewide governor tickets are Kathy C. Hochul / Adrienne E. Adams and Bruce A. Blakeman / Todd Hood. Hochul/Adams appears on Democratic and Working Families lines. Blakeman/Hood appears on Republican, Conservative, and Vote Affordable lines; these are ballot lines for two distinct tickets, not five distinct candidates.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
New York Governor's Office: Governor Kathy Hochul — current official office roster (opens in a new tab)Kathy Hochul is the current Governor of New York.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
New York State Office of the Attorney General: Official current Attorney General roster (opens in a new tab)Letitia James is the current New York Attorney General.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
New York State Board of Elections Public Reporting System: Elected Officials directory (opens in a new tab)The current Elected Officials directory lists Kathy C. Hochul (Governor) and Letitia A. James (Attorney General) as Democrats.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
New York Governor's Office / New York State: Walter T. Mosley nomination and current Secretary of State record (opens in a new tab)Walter T. Mosley is New York Secretary of State; the Governor nominates the Secretary and the Senate confirms.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
New York State Department of State: About Our Executive Team — Walter T. Mosley (opens in a new tab)The current Department of State executive-team page identifies Walter T. Mosley as Secretary of State; it does not state his party affiliation.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
New York State Senate and New York State Assembly: Current member directories (opens in a new tab)Current sitting-member names and Senate party labels as displayed in the live directories; these are not dated chamber count publications.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
New York State Senate and New York State Assembly: Current Assembly and Senate member directories, inspected October 21, 2026 (opens in a new tab)The current Assembly directory lists one serving member for every district from 1 through 150; it does not display member party labels. The current Senate directory lists serving members and explicit party labels in all districts except District 12, whose official district page says the seat is vacant.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
New York State Senate: New York Senate District 12 current district page (opens in a new tab)The current New York Senate District 12 page identifies the senatorial seat as vacant.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
New York State Senate: Former Senator Michael Gianaris official service record (opens in a new tab)The official Senate biography identifies Michael Gianaris as a former senator and records service through August 10, 2026.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
New York State Assembly: Current Assembly leadership roster (opens in a new tab)The Assembly's current leadership page lists Carl E. Heastie as Speaker and Crystal D. Peoples-Stokes as Majority Leader.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
New York State Assembly: Assembly and Senate majorities statement (opens in a new tab)The official Assembly's June 9, 2025 statement identifies Democratic majorities in both houses of the New York Legislature.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
New York Constitution: Article III, Sections 2 and 4 — Legislature composition and Senate apportionment (opens in a new tab)The Constitution sets the Assembly at 150 members and a baseline Senate of 50, with additional senators where an eligible county is entitled to them under the apportionment ratio.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
New York Constitution: Article VI — Judiciary (opens in a new tab)Court of Appeals appointments are filtered by the Judicial Nominating Commission and require Senate advice and consent; judicial selection for other courts varies by court.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
New York Constitution: Article VII — State Finances (opens in a new tab)The Governor submits the executive budget; the Legislature may reduce or strike proposed appropriation items and add separately stated items subject to gubernatorial approval and veto rules.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
New York Constitution: Article V — Officers and Civil Departments (opens in a new tab)The Attorney General and Comptroller are separately elected; department, board and commission appointment authority follows constitutional and statutory exceptions, including Senate advice and consent for the general Article V §4 class.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
New York State Legislature: Executive Law §§ 28 and 29-a — disaster emergencies and temporary suspension of laws (opens in a new tab)The Governor may declare a disaster emergency under Executive Law §28; §29-a authorizes temporary suspension of specified laws subject to statutory scope, duration and legislative limits.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
United States Code, Office of the Law Revision Counsel: 10 U.S.C. §12406 — National Guard in Federal service: call (opens in a new tab)Federal law authorizes the President to call National Guard members and units into federal service in specified circumstances and directs that orders issue through the Governors.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
United States Code, Office of the Law Revision Counsel: 32 U.S.C. §325 — Relief from National Guard duty when ordered to active duty (opens in a new tab)Army and Air National Guard members ordered to active duty are generally relieved from State Guard duty; an officer may remain in both statuses if the President authorizes and the Governor consents.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Ohio County Boards of Elections / Ohio Secretary of State: November 3, 2026 General Election — Official Governor Ballot (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Ohio Secretary of State: Directive 2026-45 — Form of the Official Ballot for the November 3, 2026 General Election (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: 2026-08-25.
Legal authority source
Ohio Legislature: Ohio Revised Code § 3513.041 — Write-in votes (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Ohio Legislature: Ohio Revised Code § 3513.30 — Death or withdrawal of candidate (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Ohio Legislature: Ohio Revised Code § 3513.311 — Withdrawal, disqualification, or death of governor or lieutenant governor candidate (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Supreme Court of Ohio: State ex rel. Brewer v. LaRose, Case Nos. 2026-0598 and 2026-0601 (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: 2026-08-19.
Current political fact source
Michigan Department of State: Official 2026 November General Candidate Listing — Governor / Lieutenant Governor (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Michigan House of Representatives: All Representatives — current member directory, inspected October 21, 2026 (opens in a new tab)The current official House directory lists all 110 districts and their serving members on October 21, 2026. The official directory labels 58 members Republican and 51 Democrat; it lists House District 4 member Karen Whitsett without a party label.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Michigan Senate: All Senators — current member directory, inspected October 21, 2026 (opens in a new tab)The official Senate directory lists one current member and party label for each of the 38 Senate districts on October 21, 2026. The current directory lists Chedrick Greene (D) in Senate District 35.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Michigan Board of State Canvassers: May 21, 2026 Signed Minutes — SD35 Special General Canvass and Certification (opens in a new tab)The Board certified the May 5, 2026 special-general returns for Michigan Senate District 35 and moved that Chedrick Green was duly elected.
Source publication/effective date: 2026-05-21.
Current political fact source
Michigan Department of Attorney General: Attorney General Dana Nessel — current officeholder page (opens in a new tab)The current official Attorney General page identifies Dana Nessel as Michigan's Attorney General. The inspected current official page does not state Nessel's current party affiliation; party remains unknown absent current official party evidence.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Elect.link (cross-check only; not a state certification): South Carolina 2026 Governor Candidates (opens in a new tab)General-election candidate directory identifies Alan Wilson as the Republican governor nominee and Jermaine Johnson as the Democratic nominee. The directory additionally reports Michael Addison and Walid Hakim; full state-certified ballot reconciliation remains pending.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Alaska Division of Elections: 2026 General Election Candidates — Governor / Lieutenant Governor (opens in a new tab)The September 2, 2026 Alaska general-election candidate page confirms governor/lieutenant-governor tickets for Dave Bronson / Josh Church, Jonathan Kreiss-Tomkins / Zac Johnson, and Treg Taylor / Candi English. The official page states that primary winners advance and lists a November 3, 2026 general election.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Enhanced Voting (precinct sample-ballot host): November 3, 2026 Third-Party Precinct Sample Ballot — Governor (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Georgia Secretary of State: Elected Officials in the State of Georgia (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Georgia Secretary of State, Elections Division: Qualifying Candidates lookup (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Georgia Secretary of State, Elections Division: 2026 Election Calendar and Highlights (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Georgia Secretary of State: June 16, 2026 General Primary Runoff — Official Results (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Georgia Secretary of State: May 19, 2026 General Primary — Official Results (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Georgia Secretary of State, Elections Division: Final List of Certified Write-In Candidates — November 3, 2026 General Election (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: 2026-09-15.
Legal authority source
Georgia Secretary of State, Elections Division: 2026 Candidate Qualifying Handbook: Qualifications and Disqualifications for Public Office (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Fulton County Elections: November 3, 2026 General Special Election — Consolidated Sample Ballot (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Georgia Senate: 2026 Senate Seating Chart (opens in a new tab)The June 26, 2026 official Georgia Senate seating chart shows all 56 district seats occupied, including Districts 7 and 53, which were vacant on the earlier March chart.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Georgia General Assembly: Members service, 2026 session (session 1033), inspected October 21, 2026 (opens in a new tab)The official current member service lists one member and party label for each of Georgia's 180 House districts and 56 Senate districts on October 21, 2026; the CSV records every district, member, party label, and individual profile URL. The service's exited-member records and dateVacated values were compared with official special-election records and House/Senate records to resolve successor entries.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Florida Department of State, Division of Elections: 2026 General Election Governor Candidate Listing (opens in a new tab)The Florida Division of Elections' live November 3, 2026 Governor listing shows ten qualified tickets: eight qualified non-WRI tickets and two qualified write-in tickets. The listing identifies lieutenant-governor running mates and separately labels withdrawn, removed, unqualified, and primary-defeated candidates; it reports Donalds/Avila and Jolly/Graham as primary winners.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Texas Secretary of State: November 2026 General Election Ballot Certification Report (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Texas Secretary of State: 2026 Write-in Ballot Certification (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Texas Secretary of State: 2026 November 3rd General Election Independent Candidate Filings (opens in a new tab)The current SOS independent filing list marks Sarah Bowman Cunningham and Demetra Jefferson Wysinger as rejected for Governor; it lists no independent gubernatorial candidate as qualified for the general election.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Texas Secretary of State / Governor: November 3, 2026 Special Elections — Senate District 22 and House District 93 (opens in a new tab)The Secretary of State's November 2026 election index links gubernatorial proclamations ordering special elections for Senate District 22 and House District 93 on November 3, 2026.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Rhode Island Department of State: 2026 General Election Candidates for Governor (opens in a new tab)Rhode Island's November 2026 governor ballot lists Helena Buonanno Foulkes, Aaron Christopher Guckian, Kenneth J. Block, Jasjit S. Gotra, and C. D. Reynolds. Official primary results show Helena Buonanno Foulkes defeated incumbent Daniel J. McKee in the Democratic primary.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
National Governors Association: 2026 Gubernatorial Elections (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
National Governors Association: Current Governors (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
U.S. Code: 2 U.S.C. § 7 — Election day for Representatives and related statewide races (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
National Conference of State Legislatures: Gubernatorial elections overview (opens in a new tab)NCSL tracks gubernatorial election timing and related institutional election context.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
National Conference of State Legislatures: Separation of powers and veto override practices (opens in a new tab)Veto override thresholds and related legislative–executive checks vary by state and must be read state by state.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
U.S. Constitution: Tenth Amendment (opens in a new tab)Powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited to the states, are reserved to the states or the people. This does not authorize states to nullify valid federal law.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Congressional Research Service: Federalism and the Constitution (opens in a new tab)Federalism divides authority between the federal government and the states; state authority is bounded by the Constitution and valid federal law.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
California Constitution: Article IV, Section 10 — Bill presentation and veto (opens in a new tab)The California Governor may veto legislation; override requires a two-thirds vote of each house. Article IV, section 10 permits the Governor to reduce or eliminate one or more appropriation items while approving other parts of a bill; the affected items may be reconsidered and passed over the veto in the same manner as bills. Article IV, section 1 vests the legislative power of the State in the Legislature, consisting of the Senate and Assembly, while reserving initiative and referendum powers to the people.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
California Constitution: Article V — Executive (opens in a new tab)Article V, section 1 vests the State's supreme executive power in the Governor and directs the Governor to see that the law is faithfully executed. Article V, section 7 makes the Governor commander-in-chief of a militia provided by statute and permits the Governor to call it forth to execute the law. Article V, section 11 provides that the Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Controller, Secretary of State, and Treasurer are elected at the same time and places and for the same term as the Governor.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
California Constitution: Article VI, Section 16 — Judicial selection and terms (opens in a new tab)The Governor nominates Supreme Court and Courts of Appeal justices; the Commission on Judicial Appointments confirms nominees, with voter approval and retention-election rules stated in the section.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
California Constitution: Article V, Section 8 — Reprieves, pardons, and commutations (opens in a new tab)Article V, section 8 authorizes reprieves, pardons, and commutations after sentence except in impeachment cases; a pardon or commutation for a person twice convicted of a felony requires a Supreme Court recommendation with four judges concurring.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
California Legislature: Government Code section 8567 — Emergency orders and regulations (opens in a new tab)During a declared state of emergency or state of war emergency, the Governor may issue written orders and regulations necessary to carry out the Emergency Services Act; they have force of law and cease when the emergency ends.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Texas Constitution: Article IV — Executive Department (opens in a new tab)Texas has independently elected statewide executive officers, including the Attorney General; these officers are not gubernatorial subordinates. The Attorney General is elected for a four-year term under Article IV, Section 22. The Secretary of State is appointed by the Governor with Senate advice and consent and serves during the Governor's term under Article IV, Section 21. The Governor is commander-in-chief of Texas military forces except when those forces are in actual United States service under Article IV, Section 7. Article IV, Section 12 governs specified state and district office vacancies, subject to stated exceptions and different laws; when the Senate is in session, a covered appointment requires approval by two-thirds of members present. Recess appointments have separate constitutional timing and procedure.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Texas Constitution: Article IV, Section 14 — Approval or disapproval of bills (opens in a new tab)Article IV §14 permits the Governor to approve or veto presented bills, sets the return deadlines and override procedure, and permits disapproval of one or more items in an appropriations bill. Override requires two-thirds of the members present in each house.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
New York Constitution: Article IV — Executive (opens in a new tab)The Governor is elected statewide, holds executive power, commands state military forces subject to federal law, may veto bills and appropriation items subject to two-thirds override in each house, and may grant reprieves, commutations and pardons after conviction subject to constitutional exceptions and regulation by law.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Florida Constitution: Article IV — Executive (opens in a new tab)Florida Constitution Art. IV §§1, 4-8 establishes executive authority, Governor's military command and budget-planning role, Cabinet composition and election, executive departments, judicial nomination, and shared clemency; Art. III §8 establishes veto and appropriation-item veto.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Florida Constitution: Article III, Section 8 — Governor's veto; appropriations (opens in a new tab)Article III, §8 authorizes the Governor to veto bills and to veto specific appropriations in a general appropriations bill; each house may override a veto by a two-thirds vote of its membership.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Florida Constitution: Article V, Sections 10–11 — Judicial selection and vacancies (opens in a new tab)Article V §1 vests the judicial power of the state in the courts established by the Constitution. Article V §§10–11 provide for merit-retention elections and require the Governor to fill covered Supreme Court and district-court-of-appeal vacancies from judicial nominating commission nominees; a commission submits three to six nominees.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Florida Statutes: 2026 §252.36 — Emergency management powers of the Governor (opens in a new tab)Under §252.36, the Governor may assume direct operational control of emergency-management functions in an emergency beyond local control; declarations and orders generally have 60-day durations subject to renewal; the Legislature may terminate a state of emergency or specified order, proclamation, or rule by concurrent resolution; additional filing, reporting, and action-specific conditions apply.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Florida Statutes: 2026 §216.181 — Approved budgets for operations and fixed capital outlay (opens in a new tab)The General Appropriations Act and other appropriation acts are original approved operating budgets; executive-branch amendments may be requested through the Executive Office of the Governor and require approval by the Governor and Legislative Budget Commission, subject to statutory guidelines and notice/objection procedures.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Florida Statutes: 2026 Chapter 20 — Department heads and Department of State (opens in a new tab)Section 20.05(1) assigns department heads responsibility to plan, direct, coordinate, and execute departmental functions subject to the constitutional allotment of executive power and other law; §20.05(2) requires Senate confirmation of Governor-appointed department secretaries except as otherwise provided; §20.10(1) provides that the Governor appoints the Secretary of State subject to Senate confirmation and that the Secretary serves at the Governor's pleasure.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
United States Code, Office of the Law Revision Counsel: 10 U.S.C. §12406 — National Guard in Federal service: call (opens in a new tab)In the circumstances specified in 10 U.S.C. §12406, the President may call members and units of a state's National Guard into federal service; orders for that purpose issue through the state's Governor.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Florida Department of State: Ronald Dion DeSantis — Governor biography (opens in a new tab)Florida Department of State lists Ron DeSantis as the current Governor, serving from January 8, 2019 to present.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Florida Office of the Attorney General: Attorney General James Uthmeier biography (opens in a new tab)The Attorney General's official biography identifies James Uthmeier as Attorney General and says Governor Ron DeSantis appointed him in February 2025.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Pennsylvania Constitution: Article IV — The Executive (opens in a new tab)Pennsylvania Constitution Article IV §§2–4 provides for gubernatorial election and terms; §§7–8 provide state military command and gubernatorial appointments; §§15–16 provide veto, override and appropriation-item veto rules; §9 sets clemency limits.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Michigan Constitution: Article V — Executive Branch (opens in a new tab)Article V, §§1–3: executive power, principal departments, and appointment/confirmation framework; §14: post-conviction reprieves, commutations and pardons (except impeachment), subject to conditions directed by the Governor and procedures prescribed by law, with annual legislative reporting; §18: executive budget recommendation and amendment/deficiency bills; §19: distinct appropriation-item veto; §20: revenue-shortfall expenditure reductions require appropriations-committee approval and exclude legislative/judicial branches and constitutionally dedicated funds; §12: command of state military forces when not in federal service.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Ohio Constitution: Article III — Executive (opens in a new tab)Ohio Constitution Article III §§1-2 provides statewide election and four-year terms for Governor, Attorney General, and Secretary of State and limits consecutive service; §5 vests supreme executive power in the Governor; §10 makes the Governor commander-in-chief of state forces except in U.S. service; §11 defines clemency after conviction; §18 governs vacancies in AG and SOS offices; and §21 provides Senate advice and consent when law requires it.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Ohio Constitution: Article II, Section 16 — Veto and override (opens in a new tab)Article II, §16 provides the Governor's bill veto, ten-day return period excluding Sundays, three-fifths override by elected members of each house, and item veto for appropriation bills.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Georgia Constitution: Constitution of Georgia — revised July 2025 (Arts. II–VI) (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Arizona Constitution: Article V — Executive Department (opens in a new tab)Source details are limited while statewide candidate records remain under review.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Wisconsin Constitution: Article V — Executive (opens in a new tab)Wisconsin's Governor is the chief executive and commander of the military and naval forces of the state, except when called into federal service.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
National Conference of State Legislatures: Election Administration at State and Local Levels (opens in a new tab)Chief election official selection and the division of duties between state and local election administrators vary by state.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
National Conference of State Legislatures: 2026 State & Legislative Partisan Composition (opens in a new tab)NCSL tracks chamber partisan control used for current House and Senate control facts.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Congressional Research Service: U.S. Senate Vacancies: How Are They Filled? (opens in a new tab)Most states authorize gubernatorial temporary appointments to fill U.S. Senate vacancies; a minority require election only. Wisconsin is among the states that do not authorize a temporary gubernatorial appointment.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
National Association of Attorneys General: Attorney General Office Characteristics (opens in a new tab)NAAG documents Attorney General selection methods, including popular election in the expanded-profile states.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Ballotpedia: List of current secretaries of state in the United States (opens in a new tab)Current Secretary of State officeholder names used for expanded state profiles.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Ballotpedia: Attorney General office comparison / current officeholders (opens in a new tab)Current Attorney General officeholder names used for expanded state profiles.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
California Elections Code: Chapter 2 — Vacancy in Senate (opens in a new tab)California's Governor may temporarily appoint a U.S. Senator until an election fills the vacancy.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
California Secretary of State: California Redistricting (opens in a new tab)California Citizens Redistricting Commission draws legislative maps; Prop 50 temporarily substitutes legislatively drawn congressional maps for 2026–2030 elections.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Texas Election Code: U.S. Senate vacancy appointment and election timing (opens in a new tab)Election Code §204.002 requires the Governor to appoint a temporary Senator when a vacancy exists or will exist while Congress is in session; the appointee serves until a successor is elected and qualified. Section 204.003 sends a vacancy from January 1 through the 62nd day before the primary in an even-numbered year to that year's general election; §204.005 otherwise requires a Chapter 203 special election. Section 203.004 generally sets that special election on the first uniform election date on or after the 36th day after order, with a separate 36-to-64-day range for an emergency election.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Texas Election Code: Chapter 203 — special election date and emergency timing (opens in a new tab)Section 203.004 generally requires a special election on the first uniform election date occurring on or after the 36th day after the order; an emergency election must be on a Tuesday or Saturday on or after the 36th and on or before the 64th day.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
New York Election Law: State Board of Elections (opens in a new tab)Election Law §§3-100 and 3-102 establish a four-commissioner State Board within the executive department, appointed through statutory party and legislative recommendation channels, with statewide election administration, oversight and enforcement duties; county boards administer local election functions under separate statutory provisions.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Florida Statutes: § 100.161 — Filling vacancy of United States Senators (opens in a new tab)Florida's Governor issues a writ of election for a U.S. Senate vacancy and may make a temporary appointment until the election.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Arizona Revised Statutes: § 16-222 — Vacancy in the office of United States senator (opens in a new tab)Arizona's Governor appoints a temporary U.S. Senator of the same political party as the vacating senator, subject to election timing rules.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
California Legislature: California Elections Code — U.S. Senate vacancies (opens in a new tab)California fills a U.S. Senate vacancy through gubernatorial appointment and a statewide election under Elections Code.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Florida Legislature: Florida Statutes § 100.161 — U.S. Senate vacancies (opens in a new tab)Florida's Governor issues a writ of election and may make a temporary appointment until the election.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Georgia General Assembly: Official Code of Georgia Annotated § 21-2-542 — U.S. Senate vacancy (opens in a new tab)O.C.G.A. § 21-2-542 provides for election at the next November statewide election only if that date is at least 40 days after the U.S. Senate vacancy, and permits a temporary gubernatorial appointment until that election.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Michigan Legislature: Michigan Election Law §168.105 — U.S. Senate vacancy (opens in a new tab)MCL 168.105 requires the Governor to appoint a qualified person upon a U.S. Senate vacancy. The appointee serves until December 1 after the next November general election occurring more than 120 days after the vacancy; the elected Senator serves the remainder of the term.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
New York Legislature: New York Public Officers Law § 42 — vacancy in U.S. Senate (opens in a new tab)Public Officers Law §42(4-a) requires a temporary gubernatorial appointment for a U.S. Senate vacancy and a writ of election; appointment and election dates depend on when the vacancy occurs relative to the annual primary and even/odd calendar years.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Ohio Legislature: Ohio Revised Code — vacancy in U.S. Senate (opens in a new tab)R.C. 3521.02 requires the Governor to appoint a qualified temporary U.S. Senator forthwith; the appointee serves until December 15 after the next regular state election held more than 180 days after the vacancy. That election is omitted when the unexpired term ends within one year after it; the appointment then lasts for the unexpired term.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Pennsylvania General Assembly: Pennsylvania Election Code — U.S. Senate vacancy (opens in a new tab)Election Code §626 (25 P.S. §2776) requires a U.S. Senate vacancy special election at the next general or municipal election occurring at least 90 days after the vacancy; the Governor issues the writ within 10 days and may make a temporary appointment until election.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Texas Legislature: Texas Election Code — U.S. Senate vacancy (opens in a new tab)Texas Election Code Chapter 204 governs temporary appointment and special-election process/timing for a U.S. Senate vacancy.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Ohio Attorney General: Andy Wilson begins tenure as Ohio Attorney General (opens in a new tab)Dave Yost resigned and Governor Mike DeWine appointed Andy Wilson as Ohio Attorney General effective June 8, 2026; the current Attorney General biography identifies Wilson as the officeholder.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Seneca County Board of Elections: Elected Officials (opens in a new tab)The official elected-official listing, marked last updated October 19, 2026, identifies Andy Wilson as Republican and appointed Attorney General and Frank LaRose as Republican Secretary of State.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Ohio Secretary of State: Secretary of State Frank LaRose — Biography (opens in a new tab)The current Ohio Secretary of State biography identifies Frank LaRose as Secretary of State and says he is serving his second term.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Ohio House of Representatives: Member Directory (opens in a new tab)The live House directory lists each district and member party label; on inspection October 21, 2026 it listed AD89 as vacant.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Ohio Senate: Senate Directory (opens in a new tab)The live Senate directory lists each district and member party label; on inspection October 21, 2026 it listed SD13 as vacant and displayed its R seat label.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Ohio House of Representatives: House Journal, October 19, 2026 (opens in a new tab)The October 19, 2026 House Journal records the sitting and actions but has no member roll call or AD89 vacancy notice.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Supreme Court of Ohio: Candidates for Appeals Court, State Representative Can Remain on Ballot (opens in a new tab)The court's October 9, 2026 notice says Swearingen withdrew as a candidate and Stidham was selected as the Republican replacement candidate for the November 3 election; this is a nomination matter, not evidence of office resignation.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Ohio Senate: Senate Directory — District 13 (opens in a new tab)The official live directory lists SD13 vacant on October 21, 2026; it does not state the vacancy's effective date or cause.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Ohio Constitution: Article II, Section 2 (opens in a new tab)The Ohio House consists of 99 members and the Senate consists of 33 members.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania House of Representatives: Members of the House — 2025–26 Session (opens in a new tab)On inspection October 21, 2026, the current House directory listed one serving member with party label for each district 1–203: 103 Democrats and 100 Republicans.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania State Senate: Members of the Senate — 2025–26 Session (opens in a new tab)On inspection October 21, 2026, the current Senate directory listed one serving member with party label for each district 1–50: 27 Republicans and 23 Democrats.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania House of Representatives: House Journal, April 13, 2026 — official returns for special elections in AD79 and AD193 (opens in a new tab)The Secretary of the Commonwealth presented certified official returns for March 17 special elections; Andrea C. Verobish was duly elected in AD79 and Catherine Ivy Wallen in AD193. The journal later records their swearing-in.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania House of Representatives: House Journal, March 23, 2026 — special-election returns for AD22 and AD42 (opens in a new tab)The House Journal records certified official returns declaring Ana Tiburcio duly elected in AD22 and Jennifer Mazzocco duly elected in AD42 following February 24 special elections; election certification is distinguished from service.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania Department of State: Special Election Reporting Dates (opens in a new tab)The Department of State calendar identifies 2026 special elections in AD12, AD22, AD42, AD79, AD193, and AD196 and their election dates.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Butler County Board of Elections: Current Election Returns — August 18, 2026 Special Election (opens in a new tab)Butler County states that the August 18, 2026 election results, including the AD12 special election, are certified and that the final numbers are as of August 27, 2026.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania House of Representatives Archives: George Margetas — Member Biography (opens in a new tab)The official House archive identifies George Margetas as the Republican representative for District 196, elected in the May 19, 2026 special election and sworn in June 9, 2026.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Pennsylvania State Senate: Session information, October 19, 2026 (opens in a new tab)The dated October 19 Senate session record documents current Senate floor activity and participating senators but is not a chamber-wide membership certification.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Wisconsin Statutes: U.S. Senate vacancy — special election process (opens in a new tab)Wisconsin does not authorize a temporary gubernatorial appointment to the U.S. Senate; vacancies are filled by election.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Arizona Constitution: Article IV, Part 2, Section 1 — Legislative districts; citizen commission (opens in a new tab)Arizona uses an Independent Redistricting Commission rather than pure legislative map-drawing.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Michigan Constitution: Article IV, §6 — Independent citizens redistricting commission (opens in a new tab)Michigan's Independent Citizens Redistricting Commission draws district maps.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Ohio Redistricting Commission / Ohio Constitution: Ohio redistricting structure (opens in a new tab)Ohio Constitution Article XI assigns state General Assembly plans to the Ohio Redistricting Commission and states mapmaking standards and court remedies. Article XIX separately assigns congressional maps initially to the General Assembly, then provides a commission stage if the initial plan is not timely passed and filed, then further legislative fallback if the commission misses its deadline; each stage has specified vote thresholds, deadlines, and constitutional standards.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Pennsylvania Constitution: Article II, §17 — Legislative Reapportionment Commission (opens in a new tab)Article II §17 assigns state legislative reapportionment to a five-member Legislative Reapportionment Commission: four legislative leaders or designees and a chair selected by those four, with constitutional fallback procedures if they cannot agree. The commission adopts the state legislative plan; objections and appeals follow the section's procedures. Article I vests legislative power in the General Assembly and Article IV §15 governs presentation and gubernatorial veto of bills, including congressional redistricting legislation. The applicable constitutional and judicial standards/remedies for a particular congressional map depend on the legal challenge and controlling court orders; the commission in Article II §17 does not draw congressional maps.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
New York Constitution: Article III, §§4–5-b — redistricting and Independent Redistricting Commission (opens in a new tab)The New York Constitution establishes an Independent Redistricting Commission for congressional and state legislative districts, with legislative consideration and court involvement under specified circumstances.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Florida Constitution: Fair Districts standards for redistricting (opens in a new tab)Florida's Legislature draws congressional and state legislative maps subject to separate Fair Districts standards in Constitution Art. III §§20-21.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Georgia General Assembly / Constitution: Georgia Constitution — Article III, Sections I–II (opens in a new tab)Georgia Constitution Art. III, Sec. II, Para. II assigns apportionment of Senate and House districts to the General Assembly, requires contiguous territory, and directs changes as necessary after each U.S. decennial census. This provision does not establish the process for congressional districts or resolve judicial review and federal-law constraints.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Texas Legislature / Constitution: Legislative redistricting authority (opens in a new tab)Texas Constitution Article III §28 assigns state House and Senate apportionment to the Legislature after the decennial census; the conditional Legislative Redistricting Board fallback applies only to those state legislative districts if the Legislature fails to act at its first regular session after census publication.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Texas Constitution: Article III — Legislative Department (opens in a new tab)Article III §1 vests legislative power in the Senate and House of Representatives; §2 provides for a House of 150 members; §§3 and 6 provide for election of House members and Senators, respectively. Texas's congressional maps are enacted through state law under this legislative authority, while 2 U.S.C. §2c supplies the federal single-member district requirement.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Texas House of Representatives: 89th Legislature House Member Directory (opens in a new tab)The current Texas House directory, inspected October 21, 2026, enumerates all 150 districts and lists active serving members for 148 districts; its two inactive district entries are HD1 and HD93.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Texas Legislative Directory: Texas House Member Directory with party labels (opens in a new tab)For the 148 currently active House districts, the official legislative directory lists the member's district and party label; inspected October 21, 2026, the current occupied-member labels total 86 Republican and 62 Democratic.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Texas Legislative Reference Library: Member profile: Gary VanDeaver (opens in a new tab)Gary VanDeaver served Texas House District 1 through September 21, 2026; his resignation letter was dated September 17, 2026 and effective September 21. The official profile lists his 89th Legislature party as Republican.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Texas Legislative Reference Library: Member profile: Nate Schatzline (opens in a new tab)Nate Schatzline served Texas House District 93 through July 3, 2026; the official profile identifies his 89th Legislature party as Republican and cites his resignation letter effective July 3.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Governor of Texas / Secretary of State: Proclamation ordering special election for House District 93 (opens in a new tab)The Governor's August 20, 2026 proclamation states Nate Schatzline's resignation and acceptance caused a vacancy in HD93 and orders a November 3 special election to fill the unexpired term.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
United States Code, Office of the Law Revision Counsel: 2 U.S.C. §2c — single-member congressional districts (opens in a new tab)A state entitled to more than one U.S. Representative must establish districts composed of contiguous territory and elect one Representative from each district.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Wisconsin Legislature / Constitution: Legislative redistricting authority (opens in a new tab)Wisconsin's Legislature is the primary redistricting actor, with courts historically involved when political branches deadlock.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Arizona Secretary of State: Elections administration (opens in a new tab)Arizona's elected Secretary of State is the chief state election official; counties administer local election operations.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Arizona Legislature: A.R.S. §16-142 — Secretary of State election duties (opens in a new tab)Under §16-142(A)(1), the Secretary of State or designee coordinates specified state responsibilities under the National Voter Registration Act and the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act; §16-142(B) requires county cooperation for the specified post-election report.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Arizona Legislature: Arizona Constitution, Article IV, Part 1, §1 — Emergency measures (opens in a new tab)Article IV, Part 1, §1 requires an emergency measure to state why immediate operation is necessary, receive two-thirds approval in each house, and be approved by the Governor; if vetoed, it requires three-fourths approval in each house to become law.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
California Secretary of State: Elections administration (opens in a new tab)California's elected Secretary of State is the chief state election official; counties administer local election operations.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Florida Department of State: Division of Elections (opens in a new tab)The Governor appoints the Secretary of State subject to Senate confirmation (2026 F.S. §20.10); the Secretary is chief election officer and the Department of State provides uniform implementation and supervisor support (2026 F.S. §97.012); elected county supervisors perform county voter-registration and election duties (2026 F.S. §98.015); county canvassing boards canvass ballots and returns (2026 F.S. §102.141).
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Georgia Secretary of State: Official Code of Georgia, Title 21 — 2025 Supplement; election duties (opens in a new tab)O.C.G.A. §§21-2-31, 21-2-33, and 21-2-33.2 provide State Election Board powers, investigations, and a process for suspending a county or municipal superintendent; §21-2-50 assigns statewide duties to the Secretary of State, including duties as chief election official under HAVA; §§21-2-70 and 21-2-77 provide county superintendent duties and returns. Local board structures may vary under §§21-2-40, 21-2-45, and local Acts.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Georgia Emergency Management and Homeland Security Agency: Official Code of Georgia § 38-3-51 — emergency declaration, renewal, and termination (opens in a new tab)O.C.G.A. § 38-3-51(a) authorizes a gubernatorial declaration for listed actual or impending emergencies/disasters, pandemic influenza, enemy attack, and public-health emergencies; declarations end when conditions are resolved, may not continue beyond 30 days without gubernatorial renewal, and may be terminated at any time by concurrent resolution of the General Assembly. For a public-health emergency, the Governor must call a special session as a condition precedent, and that session convenes on the second day after declaration to concur or terminate.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Michigan Secretary of State: Elections administration (opens in a new tab)Michigan Constitution art. II, §4 makes the Secretary of State the chief election officer and gives supervisory control over local election officials in the performance of duties prescribed by law. MCL 168.21 and related Michigan Election Law provisions assign the Secretary/Bureau state-level supervision and specified administration; local clerks perform duties assigned by statute, and MCL 168.24a assigns county boards of canvassers county canvass and recount responsibilities while the State Board of Canvassers handles statewide canvasses under separate provisions.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
New York State Board of Elections: State Board of Elections (opens in a new tab)New York Election Law assigns the State Board statewide administration and enforcement duties and separately assigns local functions to county boards; the Secretary of State is not the sole statewide election administrator.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Ohio Secretary of State: Elections administration (opens in a new tab)Ohio Constitution Article III §§1-2 provides for election of the Secretary of State and term length. R.C. 3501.04-.05 establishes statewide election duties, ballot certification, and compliance functions; R.C. 3501.06 provides four-member county boards appointed by the Secretary of State.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Pennsylvania Department of State: Elections administration (opens in a new tab)Election Code §201 (25 P.S. §2621) assigns specified statewide functions to the Secretary of the Commonwealth; DOS identifies the Secretary as chief election official. Election Code §§301–302 (25 P.S. §§2641–2642) establish county boards and assign them county election duties, including conducting primaries and elections and canvassing returns, subject to duties assigned elsewhere by law. Election Code §1404 (25 P.S. §3154) assigns county boards the computation/canvass of county returns and prescribes certification and return duties; §1404(g) gives the Secretary a mandatory statewide automatic recount role when a statewide race or question falls within the statutory margin and deadline. Article VII §13 of the Pennsylvania Constitution assigns election contests to courts and directs the General Assembly to designate the courts and procedures by contest class; Article IV §17 provides the special trial arrangement for contested Governor, Lieutenant Governor, and Attorney General elections. These judicial proceedings are distinct from administrative canvass and certification. The Secretary's statewide certification does not make county boards' canvassing duties statewide, and a county candidate list or ballot establishes only the jurisdiction shown on that record.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Texas Secretary of State: Election Code Chapter 31 — Secretary of State and local election officials (opens in a new tab)The Secretary of State is the chief election officer, assists county election officials, and performs statutory functions to promote uniform application and interpretation of election law. Election Code Chapter 31 assigns different duties to the Secretary, county officials, and other local authorities; the Secretary is not the sole election administrator and county duties vary by election and office.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Texas Government Code: Section 316.009 — Governor's general appropriations bill (opens in a new tab)The Governor may prepare and submit a general appropriations bill by the 30th day of a regular legislative session, or by the 20th day after inauguration if the Governor was not the preceding Governor.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Texas Constitution: Article V, Section 28 — judicial vacancies (opens in a new tab)Article V §28 provides gubernatorial appointments until the next general election for state officers for vacancies in the Supreme Court, Court of Criminal Appeals, Courts of Appeals, and district courts; voters then fill the unexpired term. County judge and justice-of-the-peace vacancies are filled by the commissioners court until the next general election. Regular Supreme Court and Court of Criminal Appeals terms are filled by statewide election.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Texas Government Code: Chapter 418 — emergency management (opens in a new tab)Section 418.014 permits a disaster declaration by order or proclamation after a finding that a disaster has occurred or is imminent. A declaration expires after no more than 30 days unless renewed; the Legislature may terminate it by law. Chapter 418 grants specified emergency powers, not a blanket suspension of law or unrestricted budget authority.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Legal authority source
Texas Constitution: Article IV, Section 12 — vacancies in state and district offices (opens in a new tab)Article IV §12 governs vacancies in specified state and district offices, excluding legislators and subject to offices otherwise provided for by law. For covered appointments while the Senate is in session, Senate confirmation requires two-thirds of members present; recess appointments have separate procedures and timing. Other board and commission appointments are governed by their enabling laws, not a general uniform gubernatorial appointment rule.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Wisconsin State Legislature: 2025 Wisconsin State Representatives — current Assembly directory (opens in a new tab)The official live Assembly directory lists a serving member and party label for each district 1–99; on October 21, 2026, the roster contained 54 Republicans and 45 Democrats.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Wisconsin State Legislature: 2025 Wisconsin State Senators — current Senate directory (opens in a new tab)The official live Senate directory lists a serving member and party label for each district 1–33; on October 21, 2026, the roster contained 18 Republicans and 15 Democrats.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
Wisconsin State Assembly: Assembly Journal — September 30, 2026 (opens in a new tab)The latest Assembly journal listed in the official journal index as of October 21, 2026, inspected in full for any member vacancy, resignation, appointment, or special-election service entry.
Source publication/effective date: 2026-09-30.
Current political fact source
Wisconsin State Senate: Senate Journal — October 13, 2026 (opens in a new tab)The latest Senate journal listed in the official journal index as of October 21, 2026, inspected for any member vacancy, resignation, appointment, or special-election service entry.
Source publication/effective date: 2026-10-13.
Current political fact source
Wisconsin State Legislature: 107th Legislature Journal Index (opens in a new tab)On October 21, 2026, the official journal index listed September 30, 2026 as the latest Assembly Journal and October 13, 2026 as the latest Senate Journal.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Wisconsin Elections Commission: Statewide election administration (opens in a new tab)Wisconsin's Elections Commission is the chief state election authority; the Secretary of State is not the sole election administrator.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.
Current political fact source
Wisconsin Elections Commission: All Contests and Candidates — November 3, 2026 General Election (opens in a new tab)The WEC publishes a statewide candidate list for the November 3, 2026 General Election.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Legal authority source
Wisconsin Legislature: Wis. Stat. § 7.50(2)(em), Elector intent (opens in a new tab)When candidates are certified to appear on the ballot, write-in votes generally may be counted only for a candidate who filed a registration statement by noon on the Friday immediately preceding the election.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Current political fact source
MultiState: 2026 Governors and Legislatures (opens in a new tab)Cross-check of 2026 gubernatorial ballot status and chamber partisan control for expanded profiles.
Source publication/effective date: not stated.
Inspection date: not separately recorded.